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Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

机译:使用北美地区的危害地图系统(HMS)烟和火位置数据将烟羽连接到源

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摘要

Fires represent an air quality challenge because they are large, dynamic and transient sources of particulate matter and ozone precursors. Transported smoke can deteriorate air quality over large regions. Fire severity and frequency are likely to increase in the future, exacerbating an existing problem. Using the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke data for North America for the period 2007 to 2014, we examine a subset of fires that are confirmed to have produced sufficient smoke to warrant the initiation of a U.S. National Weather Service smoke forecast. We find that gridded HMS analyzed fires are well correlated (r = 0.84) with emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Inventory Database 4s (GFED4s). We define a new metric, smoke hours, by linking observed smoke plumes to active fires using ensembles of forward trajectories. This work shows that the Southwest, Northwest, and Northwest Territories trigger the most air quality forecasts, and produce more smoke than any other North American region by measure of the number of HYSPIT points analyzed, the duration of those HYSPLIT points, and the total number of smoke hours produced. The average number of days with smoke plumes overhead is largest over the north-central U.S. Only Alaska, the Northwest, the Southwest, and Southeast U.S. regions produce the majority of smoke plumes observed over their own borders. This work moves a new dataset from a daily operational setting to a research context, and it demonstrates how changes to the frequency or intensity of fires in the western U.S. could impact other regions.
机译:火灾是空气质量的挑战,因为大火是微粒物质和臭氧前体的大量动态且短暂的来源。冒烟可能会使大区域的空气质量恶化。未来火灾的严重性和频率可能会增加,加剧现有问题。使用美国国家环境卫星,数据和信息服务(NESDIS)危害地图系统(HMS)2007年至2014年期间的烟雾数据,我们检查了确认已产生足够烟雾以保证引发火警的部分火灾。美国国家气象局的烟雾预报。我们发现网格化的HMS分析的火灾与全球火灾排放清单数据库4s(GFED4s)的排放有很好的相关性(r = 0.84)。我们通过使用向前轨迹的集合将观察到的烟羽与活跃的火灾联系起来,定义了一个新的度量标准,即“烟小时”。这项工作表明,西南,西北和西北地区触发的空气质量预报最高,并且通过分析所分析的HYSPIT点数,这些HYSPLIT点的持续时间以及总数,可以产生比任何其他北美地区更多的烟雾产生的烟雾小时数。在美国中北部,烟羽架空的平均天数最大。只有阿拉斯加,西北,西南和美国东南部地区产生的烟羽在其自身边界上最多。这项工作将新的数据集从日常运行环境转移到研究环境,并演示了美国西部大火发生频率或强度的变化如何影响其他地区。

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